Презентация на тему "Engineering materials"

Содержание

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  Engineering Materials

  1 Lecture 1: Course Overview & Introduction

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  Class Policy

  2 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Attendance is mandatory Switch off all mobile electronic devices while in class Grading: 10% Quiz avg. 30% Midterm 60% Final Exam Cheating will NOT be tolerated Moodle will be utilized

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  Lecture Schedule

  3 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering

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  Lecture Schedule (2)

  4 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering

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  Major Topics

  5 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Effects of structure on material properties; Mechanical properties, failure and strengthening mechanisms; Applications and processing of common engineering materials such as metals & nonferrous alloys, ceramics, polymers, and composites; Economic, environmental and social issues of material usage and considerations for materials selection in designs.

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  Learning Outcomes

  6 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering On completion of the course the students will be able to: Explain the influences of microscopic structure and defects on material properties, including dislocation and strengthening mechanisms Design and control heat treatment procedures to achieve a set of desirable mechanical characteristics Understand the applications and processing of common engineering materials including metals & nonferrous alloys, ceramics, polymers, and composites Utilize the knowledge in materials selection processes taking further considerations of the economic, environmental and social issues

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  Textbooks

  7 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 8th Edition William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications and Design, 4th Edition Michael F. Ashby, D R H Jones

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  Classification of Materials

  8 8 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Based on functions and applications: Aerospace Biomedical Electronic Materials Energy Technology and Environment Magnetic Materials Optical and Photonic Materials “Smart” Materials Structural Materials L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Classification of MaterialsBased on chemical makeup and atomic structure

  9 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering L1. Course Overview & Introduction Materials Metals Ceramics Polymers/plastics Composites

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  Properties of Materialsclassified on basis of chemical makeup and atomic structure

  10 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering L1. Course Overview & Introduction Metals Strong, ductile High thermal conductivity High electrical conductivity Not transparent, shiny

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  11 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering L1. Course Overview & Introduction Ceramics Ionic bonding (refractory) Compounds of metallic & non- metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides) Strong, brittle, may or may not be transparent Non-conducting (insulators)

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  12 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering L1. Course Overview & Introduction Polymers/plastics: chains of organic molecules Covalent bonding  sharing of electrons Soft, ductile, low strength, low density Thermal & electrical insulators Optically translucent or transparent

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  13 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering L1. Course Overview & Introduction Composites Compounds of two (or more) individual materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) with combination of properties

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  Structure, Processing, & Properties

  14 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Properties depend on structure, e.g.: steel hardness Processing can change structure, e.g.: structure versus cooling rate of steel L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  15 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Moulding process Plastic deformation process Joining process Mechanical working process Heat treatment process Different materials should be processed differently; Same materials can be processed differently for different geometries L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  16 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Sub atomic level – e.g. interatomic bonding Atomic level – e.g. arrangement of atoms Microscopic level – e.g. grain arrangement seen with microscope Macroscopic level – e.g. structural elements view with naked eye Structure can be viewed in different “length” scales L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  17 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Mechanical – response to applied load, e.g. ultimate strength Electrical – response to electric field, e.g. resistivity Thermal – response to heat, e.g. thermal conductivity Magnetic – response to magnetic field, e.g. magnetic permeability Optical – response to light, e.g. transparent, translucent, opaque Deteriorative – relates to chemical reactivity, e.g. heat treatment can slow crack speed of some alloy in salt water Property is a material trait in terms of the type and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  The Materials Selection Process

  18 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering 1. Pick Application Determine required Properties 2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s) 3. Material Identify required Processing Processing: changes structure and overall shape ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing. Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative. Material: structure, composition. L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Materials Selection Considerations

  19 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Cost “Green” – environmentally friendly Sustainability: e.g. bamboo bicycle frame Easily available commercially in large quantities Political: e.g. sanctions on nuclear materials Technology: e.g. heat shield for space shuttle Degradation during service: e.g. corrosion L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Module Summary

  20 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering This module will help you to: Use the right material for the job. Understand the relation between properties, structure, and processing. Recognize new design opportunities offered by materials selection. You will learn in this module about: material structure how structure dictates properties how processing can change structure commonly used engineering materials L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Approach

  21 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Study microstructures, starting with the atom, atomic bonding, and how different classes of materials are bonded together Look at the effect of composition on microstructure Look at the effect of processing on microstructure Connect how microstructure relates to properties We shall first do some revision L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Revision - Atomic Structure

  22 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering ATOM = (PROTONS+NEUTRONS) + ELECTRONS NUCLEUS Mass of an atom: Proton and Neutron: ~ 1.67 x 10-27 kg Electron: 9.11 x 10-31kg Charge: Electrons and protons: (±) 1.60 x 10-19C Neutrons are neutral L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  23 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Z = Atomic number = number of protons in nucleus This is used to identify element N = number of neutrons in nucleus This is used to identify isotopes, written as (Z+N)XZ : ( e.g. 14C6 and 12C6 ) where: A = Atomic mass unit (amu) 1 amu is defined as the 1/12 of the atomic mass 12C6 Atomic mass of 12C6 is 12 amu: 6 protons (Z=6) + 6 neutrons (N=6) This is approximately the total mass of protons + total mass of neutrons Therefore 1 amu = Massproton ~ Massneutron = 1.67 x 10-27 kg and A = Atomic Mass = Z + N  NAV= 1 mole = 6.023 x 1023 molecules or atoms (Avogadro’s number)Atomic weight is expressed in amu/atom, i.e.1 amu/atom = 1g/mol L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Revision - Mole Concept

  24 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering NA = number of atoms per cm3  = material density g per cm3 M = atomic weight of material g per mole NAV = Avogadro’s number = 6.023 x 1023 L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Revision – Periodic Table

  25 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Test Your Understanding?

  26 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Compare the number of atoms per cm3 for Graphite (Carbon) and Diamond (Carbon) given: Graphite  = 2.3 g per cm3, Diamond  = 3.5 g per cm3; Graphite NA = 11.5  1022 atoms per cm3, Diamond NA = 17.5  1022 atoms per cm3; Any ideas why? L1. Course Overview & Introduction

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  Announcements

  27 Nazarbayev university - School of Engineering Reading: Chapter 1 in Materials Science & Engineering for this lecture Chapter 2 in Materials Science & Engineering for next lecture Self-help problems: None L1. Course Overview & Introduction