Содержание
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Practical lesson #6Education of children with speech impairments
Warm-up: Quiz Key special words Questions Speech organs Speech and language disorders Speech therapist Present Continuous Famous people with speech impairments
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Who developed theories on human development?
Sigmund Freud John Watson B.F. Skinner Lev Vygotsky Erik Erikson Jean Piaget
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Who is the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
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Who is the father of behaviorism?
John Watson
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Who is the father of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
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Who developed stages of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
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Who developed sociocultural theory of human development?
Lev Vygotsky
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Who developed stages of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
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What are areas of human development?
Physical development Cognitive development Emotional and social development
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What are stages of human development?
Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
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Who developed different theories on human development?
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What is special pedagogy divided into?
Special pedagogy is divided into: Surdopedagogy Typhlopedagogy Logopedics or Speech therapy Oligophrenopedagogy Orthopedagogy
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What is special psychology divided into?
Special psychology is divided into: Surdopsychology Typhlopsychology Logopsychology Oligophrenopsychology
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What sciences are related to Special education (Defectology)?
Special psychology Special pedagogy Pathology Neology Psychopathology Neuropathology Medicine Anatomy Linguistics Neurolinguistics Immunology Physiology Psychiatry Children psychiatry Orthopedics Ophthalmology
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What are types of impairments?
Visual impairments Hearing impairments Intellectual disorders Speech impairments Behaviour disorders Locomotor impairments Multiple disorders
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What are types of disabilities?
physical disabilities(locomotor impairments, spinal injury, amputation, etc.) sensory disabilities (visual impairments, hearing impairments, olfactory and gustatory impairment,somatosensory impairment, balance disorder) cognitive or developmental disabilities (intellectual disability, cerebral palsy) mental health and emotional disabilities non-visible disabilities ( diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, narcolepsy, etc.)
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What are categories of disabled people?
The disabled/ handicapped The deaf The hearing impaired The blind The visually impaired The dumb/ mute The speech impaired The intellectually impaired The mentally retarded Individuals with behaviour disorders Individuals with locomotor impairments Individuals with multiple impairments/ disorders
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What mental functions do you know?
Sensation Perception Attention Thinking Memory Speech Imagination Emotion Volition Consciousness
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True or false?
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Match:
Albert Einstein Pablo Picasso Rudolf Nureyev Wolfgang Mozart artist composer scientist ballet dancer Theory of relativity Requiem Cubism Swan Lake Siberia, 1938 Austria, 1756 Spain, 1881 Germany, 1879
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Human Psychology: Match
Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson Lev Vygotsky B.F. Skinner John Watson Jean Piaget stages of psychosocial development operant conditioning zone of proximal development stages of cognitive development psychoanalysis behaviorism
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Education of children with speech impairments
Aim: to train students to define and understand psychological and pedagogical peculiarities of teaching children with speech impairments. Key special words: speech impairment, speech therapy, speech therapist, aphasia, alalia, dyslalia, rhinolalia, dyslexia, alexia, dysarthria, general speech underdevelopment, apraxia of speech, verbal dyspraxia, voice disorders (aphonia, dysphonia), speech sound disorders, stuttering, dumb/mute children, selective mutism, language-based learning disabilities, fluency of speech, vocal cords, aphonia, dysphonia, articulation, phonation, lisp.
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Key special words
speech impairment – нарушение речи speech therapy - логопедия speech therapist - логопед aphasia - афазия, афразия (нарушение речи, характеризующееся утратой способности понимать чужую речь) alalia - алалия (неспособность говорить вследствие патологии мышц речевого аппарата) dyslalia - дислалия, косноязычие (расстройство артикуляции, обусловленное структурными аномалиями соответствующих органов или связанное с нарушением слуха) rhinolalia - ринолалия, ринофония, гнусавость dyslexia - дислексия, неспособность к чтению alexia - алексия, вербальная слепота, словесная слепота, полная неспособность к чтению dysarthria - дизартрия (расстройство артикуляции, замедленность речи) general speech underdevelopment – общее недоразвитие речи apraxia of speech - апраксия (расстройство произвольных движений)речи verbal dyspraxia– вербальная диспраксия (нарушение функций речевых органов)
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voice disorders (aphonia, dysphonia)– расстройства голоса aphonia - афония (полная утрата голоса, безголосье) dysphonia – дисфония (затруднение или болезненность, возникающие при разговоре) speech sound disorders– расстройство звуков речи stuttering - заикание dumb/mute children– немые дети selective mutism– селективная немота muteness - немота language-based learning disabilities – нарушения в обучении, связанные с языком fluency of speech – беглость речи accuracy of speech- точность речи coherence of speech– связность речи vocal cords– голосовые связки articulation - артикуляция phonation – фонация (голосообразование) lisp - шепелявость
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Questions:
What is speech impairment? What are the main causes and symptoms of speech impairments? What are types of speech impairment? What is aphasia? What is stuttering? What are peculiarities of teaching children with speech impairments? What are ways / methods of teaching children with speech impairment?
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What is speech impairment?
Speech disorders are a type of communication disorders where 'normal' speech is disrupted. Speech and language disorders refer to problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function.
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Speech organs
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Speech disorders
Apraxia of speech may result from stroke or progressive illness, and involves inconsistent production of speech sounds and rearranging of sounds in a word ("potato" may become "topato" and next "totapo"). Cluttering, a speech and fluency disorder characterized primarily by a rapid rate of speech, which makes speech difficult to understand. Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as childhood apraxia of speech. Dysarthria is a weakness or paralysis of speech muscles caused by damage to the nerves and/or brain. Dysarthria is often caused by strokes, parkinsons disease, ALS, head or neck injuries, surgical accident, or cerebral palsy. Dysprosody is the rarest neurological speech disorder. It is characterized by alterations in intensity, in the timing of utterance segments, and in rhythm, cadence, and intonation of words. Muteness is complete inability to speak. Speech sound disorders involve difficulty in producing specific speech sounds (most often certain consonants, such as /s/ or /r/), and are subdivided into articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disorders. Stuttering affects approximately 90% of the adult population. Voice disorders are impairments, often physical, that involve the function of the larynx or vocal resonance.
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Language disorders
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Aphasia
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Complete
___________________ is a form of therapy which is designed to address language and speech disorders. Speech therapy is typically provided by a ____________________ . ______________________________ involve an inability to use language. _____________________ involve physical obstacles to speech which create speech impediments or difficulty speaking, such as disorders of the vocal cords. __________________ is a motor speech disorder that results from a neurological injury. Some stem from central damage, while other stem from peripheral nerve damage. ____________________________ may be of two varieties: articulation (the production of sounds) or phonological processes (sound patterns) disorders. ______________________ a disruption in the fluency of an individual’s speech, which begins in childhood and may persist over a lifetime. ______________________ range from aphonia (loss of phonation) to dysphonia. ____________________ is a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. ________________________________ refer to difficulties with reading, spelling, and/or writing that are evidenced in a significant lag behind the individual’s same-age peers.
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Speech/language pathologist (SLP) or Speech therapist
A specialist who diagnoses and treats or remediates communication disorders in children. The SLP provides individual therapy for children, consults with the child’s teachers about the most effective ways to facilitate the child’s communication in the class setting, and works closely with the family to develop goals and techniques for effective therapy in class and at home.
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Speech therapist
Your duties as a speech therapist in a public school may include the following tasks: Working with children one-on-one or in groups to treat voice disorders, stuttering problems or learning disabilities Conducting school-wide hearing tests to identify and diagnose auditory problems among young children and promote early intervention Teaching students with hearing or speech conditions to use sign language Teaming with special education teachers to create comprehensive treatment plans for special needs children Counseling parents on how to cope with speech and language disorders Collaborating with teachers, administrators and parents to implement speech therapy programs Questions: What are main public school speech therapist’s tasks? What kinds of special tests to identify speech impairments do you know? What other duties should a speech therapist execute?
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NORMAL SPEECH SOUND DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN
AGE SOUNDS MASTERED______________________________________________2-3 p, m, h, n, w, b, k, g, d, t, ng _____________________________________________ 3-4 f, y ______________________________________________4-5 r, l, s ______________________________________________5-6 ch, sh, z, j, v, th ______________________________________________6-7 th ______________________________________________7-8 zh
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Famous people with speech impairments
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BRUCE WILLIS is a famous Hollywood actor. He is best known for his role of John McClane in the Die Hard series, Pulp Fiction, The Fifth Element. Willis is left handed. He and Demi Moore have three daughters. He used to stutter in his youth. However, he overcame the impairment without therapy. He said that he lost his stutter because of acting.
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JULIA ROBERTSis a famous Academy Award-winning actress and producer. She used to stutter when she was younger. However, she does not talk too much about it. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman (1990). She practices Hinduism.
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Tiger Woods is American professional golfer. Woods used to stutter as a child. However, he overcame the problem with therapy, which included talking to his dog until he fell asleep. Woods is the only player to have won all four professional major championships in a row, accomplishing the feat in the 2000–2001 seasons.
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WINSTON CHURCHILLwas the British prime minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 until 1955. A noted statesman and orator. He described himself as having a speech impediment, which he consistently worked to overcome. Churchill suffered from stuttering and lisp. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He made popular V-sign (V for victory)during the World War II.
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KING GEORGE VI was King of the United Kingdom. He was so embarrassed by his stutter that he hired speech-language pathologist, Lionel Logue, and greatly improved his public speaking. This training and its results are the featured in the 2010 film, The King’s Speech.
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