Презентация на тему "Metabolism of carbohydrates-lipids-proteins"

Содержание

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  Metabolism of Carbohydrates-Lipids-Proteins

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  Nutrition

  Nutrition is the utilization of ingested substances by a healthy individual for life. Food can be divided into six groups: -carbohydrates -lipids - proteins - vitamins - minerals - water

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  Carbohydrate

  Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy. Carbohydrates are abundant in cereals and their products, vegetables, fruits and legumes.

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  The Storage of Excess Carbohydrates in Tissues

  Excess carbohydrate in the body is converted into lipid, and is stored as adipose tissue, resulting in obesity. A diet high in soluble carbohydrates results in dental caries.

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  Carbohydrate Metabolism

  Nutrients containing starch and sugar are catabolized into glucose in the digestive system. Glucose units are absorbed into the blood from the small intestine. Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen.

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  Lipids

  Gives the most energy Excess lipid is stored in adipose tissue. Lipid sources are olives, nuts and egg, milk, meat

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  Proteins

  Some hormones, enzymes, hemoglobin and antibodies are made up of proteins Proteins contain 20 different amino acids Some of them are compulsory (vital) amino acids that can not be synthesized in the body The qualified proteins contain needed amounts of vital amino acids and are easily digested. Generally, animal proteins are qualified but plant proteins are nonqualified.

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  Minerals

  They are required for health, continuity of metabolism and in the formation of bones and teeth. Essential minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium) Nonessential but recommended minerals (magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and etc)

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  Water constitutes 60-70% of the body of an adult. Functions of water --Absorption, transport and digestion of food --Excretion of metabolic wastes --Regulation of body temperature --In the absence of water, enzymes can not perform function Water

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  Vitamins

  Vitamins were first discovered in 1890 when the disease beriberi was found to be due to a lack of vitamin B. A small amount of vitamins is ingested in food and play important roles in regulation of the metabolism of the body. The main source of vitamins is plants. However, animal tissues, especially liver, contain a rich supply of vitamins.

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  Overheating of food, therefore, may cause destruction of vitamins. Functions of vitamins --to give the body resistance to infection. --to prevent against bleeding and blood deficiency. --to assist in formation, development and rigidity of bone tissue. --to regulate growth, development and reproduction. --to provide a regular program of nutrition.

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  Capacity of energy in food. Daily energy requirement. Diet

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  ENERGY of FOOD

  Half of the chemical energy stored in food is produced by cell respiratioannd is consumed in the form of ATP. The other half is released as heat during these reactions.

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  The capacity of energy in food

  1g carbohydrate gives 17.6 kJ 1g lipid gives 38.9 kJ 1g protein gives 17.6 kJ

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  Daily energy requirement of an organism

  Basal metabolism, the energy requirements of an individual at rest, is determined at room temperature. The basal metabolism is approximately 1700 kcal for males and 1600 kcal for females

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  Daily Food Requirements For a Balanced Diet

  The recommended daily intake is 500 g of carbohydrate, 70 g of lipid and 70 g of protein. The energy requirements of organisms with heavy bodies are obviously greater than organisms with light bodies.

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  The normal body weight can be calculated as follows

  B.M.I (Body-Mass index): It is calculated as 21 for females and 22 for males, but varies according to the individual. The minimum is 19-20, and 24-25 is the maximum value.