Содержание
-
Visual arts
Painting, printmaking, sculpture, applied arts
-
Contents
Painting (types) Printmaking Sculpture Applied arts
-
General
The visual arts are art forms that create works which are primarily visual in nature, such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, and often modern visual arts (photography, video, and filmmaking) and architecture.
-
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface (support base) Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, leaf, copper wall – стена paper – бумага canvas – холст wood – дерево glass – стекло lacquer – лак clay – глина leaf – лист copper – медь
-
Techniques
Oil painting Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil—especially in early modern Europe, linseed oil linseed oil – льняное масло
-
Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1503–06
-
Self portrait, at work, Anders Zorn, 1897
-
The Blue Boy, Thomas Gainsborough, 1770
-
Tempera, also known as egg tempera, is a permanent fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size) Tempera
-
Madonna and Child by Duccio, tempera and gold on wood, 1284, Siena
-
Raphael, Tempera and gold on wood, 1503–1505
-
Gouache Gouache, the name of which derives from the Italian guazzo, water paint, splash or bodycolor (the term preferred by art historians), is a type of paint consisting of pigment suspended in water
-
Self-portrait, Friedrich Schwinge
-
Pastel Pastel is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder. The pigments used in pastels are the same as those used to produce all colored art media, including oil paints; the binder is of a neutral hue and low saturation medium – средство stick – карандаш binder – связующее вещество hue – цвет, оттенок saturation - насыщенность
-
On the Cliff by Theodore Robinson, 1887
-
La Toilette (Woman Combing Her Hair), c. 1884–1886, pastel on paper, by Edgar Degas, Pushkin Museum, Moscow
-
Rosalba Carriera. Self-portrait of Italian painter Rosalba Carriera holding a portrait of her sister. 1715. Pastel on paper. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
-
Indian ink India ink (or Indian ink in British English) is a simple black ink once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly used for drawing, especially when inking comic books and comic strips
-
Tenshō Shūbun (ТенсёСюбун) Reading in a Bamboo Grove (1446)
-
Sesshū Tōyō (Сэссю Тоё) Huike Offering His Arm to Bodhidharma(1496)
-
Indian ink Fresco Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related mural painting types, executed on plaster on walls, ceilings or any other type of flat surface mural – стенной, настенный executed on – выполняемый на surface – поверхность
-
Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas in a Ferapontov Monastery
-
Fresco in the church MariäVerkündigung in Fuchstal, Bavaria, Germany from Thomas Springe
-
Fresco-secco Fresco-secco (or a secco or fresco finto) is a fresco painting technique in which pigments ground in water are tempered using egg yolk or whole egg mixed with water which are applied to plaster that has been moistened (using this temper) to simulate fresh plaster technique – техника, метод temper – смешивать egg yolk– яичный желток moisten –увлажнять, смачивать
-
Blue Monkeys No. 34 fresco Steve Bogdanoff
-
Scratchboard Scratchboard or scraperboard is a technique where drawings are created using sharp knives and tools for etching into a thin layer of white China clay that is coated with black India ink drawing – рисунок sharp knife (knives) – острый нож (ножи) tool– инструмент etching –гравирование layer – слой clay – глина coat – покрывать
-
Scratchboard illustration for WigWag Magazine by Bill Russell
-
Grisaille Grisaille is a term for painting executed entirely in monochrome or near-monochrome, usually in shades of grey. It is particularly used in large decorative schemes in imitation of sculpture grisaille – гризайль shade –тень, оттенок
-
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1565, 24 x 34 cm.
-
Battesimo Della Gente, one of Andrea del Sarto's gray and brown grisaille frescoes in the Chiostro dello Scalzo, Florence (1511-26).
-
Carnation In heraldry, carnation is a tincture, the colour of European (Caucasian) human skin (i.e., pale pinkish peach) carnation – карнация tincture – оттенок pinkish – розоватый heraldry - геральдика
-
Coat of arms of Limoges, Franc
-
Glaze Glazes can change the chroma, value, hue and texture of a surface. In oil painting, the simplest form of a glaze is a thin, oily, transparent layer of paint spread over the top of an opaque passage that has been given some time to dry. glaze – лессировка chroma – цветность value – яркость, насыщенность texture – воспроизведение текстуры, структуры изображаемого предмета transparent layer – непрозрачный пласт Spread over – нанесённый на Opaque – непрозрачный, матовый Passage –пассаж (место на картине)
-
Pointillism Pointillism is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image pointillism – пуантилизм distinct dots – отдельные точки pure – чистый (без примесей) pattern – модель, шаблон image – изображение
-
Detail from Seurat's La Parade de Cirque (1889), showing the contrasting dots of paint used in pointillism
-
Paul Signac, Femmes au Puits, 1892, showing a detail with constituent colors
-
Vincent van Gogh, Self Portrait, 1887, using pointillist technique.
-
Sfumato Sfumato literally means "gone up in smoke". Hence Sfumato has also been used to describe the ability to hold two paradoxical ideas in one's mind without difficulty sumato – сфумато gone up in smoke –исчезающий как дым
-
Detail of the face of Mona Lisa showing the use of sfumato, particularly in the shading around the eyes.
-
Encaustic painting Encaustic (which also goes by "hot wax painting") is an ancient technique. The artist heats beeswax to the liquid stage, then mixes in pigmentation. The resulting medium is applied to a surface (typically wood) encaustic painting – энкаустика wax – воск heat – разогревать beeswax – воск liquid stage – жидкое состояние mix –смешивать
-
A 6th-century encaustic icon from Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai
-
Fayum mummy portrait of a Roman woman
-
Aquarelle Watercolor (US) or watercolour (UK and Commonwealth) is a painting method. A watercolor is the medium or the resulting artwork in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-soluble vehicle watercolor – акварель artwork – художественное произведение water-soluble vehicle –водорастворимый материал
-
Albrecht Dürer, Young Hare, 1502, watercolor and body color, Albertina, Vienna
-
Thomas Girtin, Jedburgh Abbey from the River, 1798–99, watercolor on paper
-
Drybrush Drybrush is a painting technique in which a paint brush that is relatively dry, but still holds paint, is used drybrush (dry brush) –сухая кисть
-
An example of the drybrush technique using black acrylic paint on illustration board
-
Acryl painting Acrylic paint is fast drying paint containing pigment suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water, but become water-resistant when dry acryl painting – акрил suspension – взвешенное состояние, суспензия acrylic polymer –полиакрилат emulsion – эмульсия dilute (with) – разбавлять, разжижать water-resistant – водостойкий dry – сухой
-
Detail of acrylic painting showing finishes that resemble both oil and watercolor
-
Mixed media Mixed media, in visual art, refers to an artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed Mixed media art by Doren Robbins
-
Printmaking
Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper printmaking – графика print – печатать, получать оттиск
-
Woodcut Woodcut—occasionally known as xylography—is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges woodcut – гравюра на дереве xylography –ксилография relief – рельеф carve – вырезать gouge – долото, стамеска
-
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Portrait of Otto Müller, 1915
-
Engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design on to a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it engraving – гравюра, эстамп incise – вырезать cut – резать groove – паз, вырез
-
Hercules fighting the Centaurs, engraving by SebaldBeham
-
Etching Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal etching – офорт strong acid – крепкая (концентрированная) кислота mordant – протрава* intaglio – глубокая печать *Протрава - (закрепитель краски), в процессах окрашивания - химические вещества, взаимодействующие с красителем или окрашиваемыми тканями, или с обоими, для «закрепления» красителя на ткани, в результате чего краска практически не вымывается.
-
Christ Preaching, known as The Hundred Guilder print; etching 1648 by Rembrandt
-
Mezzotint Mezzotint is a printmaking process of the intaglio family, technically a drypoint method mezzotint – меццо-тинто drypoint –сухая игла (техника гравирования на металле, не использующая травление, а основанная на процарапывании острием твердой иглы штрихов на поверхности металлической доски)
-
Sunshine V, mezzotint by Peter Ilsted
-
Aquatint Aquatint is a method of etching a printing plate so that tones similar to watercolor washes can be reproduced aquatint – акватинта tone – тон, оттенок watercolor washes – акварельные краски reproduce – воспроизводить
-
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Francisco Goya (1799)
-
Drypoint Drypoint is a printmaking technique of the intaglio family, in which an image is incised into a plate (or "matrix") with a hard-pointed "needle" of sharp metal or diamond point hard-pointed needle – остро заточенная игла diamond point – алмазный наконечник
-
Woman in Cafe, drypoint by Lesser Ury showing the typical rich blurred line of drypoint.
-
Lithography Lithography is a method for printing using a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface lithography – литография stone – камень limestone – известняк smooth surface – гладкая поверхность
-
Charles Marion Russell's The Custer Fight (1903). Note the range of tones, fading toward the edges
-
Screen printing Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil screen printing –трафаретная печать woven– сотканный mesh – сеть, сетка stencil – трафарет, шаблон, образец
-
Portrait of Leo Tolstoy
-
Monotyping Monotyping is a type of printmaking made by drawing or painting on a smooth, non-absorbent surface monotyping – монотипия draw (drew, drawn) – рисовать non-absorbent –непоглощающий
-
Monotype by Jules Henri Lengrand
-
Sculpture
Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials—typically stone such as marble—or metal, glass, or wood except when softer ("plastic") materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals or when the term has been extended to works including sound, text and light sculpture – скульптура three-dimensional – трёхмерный shaping – формирование combining – комбинирование marble – мрамор textile – ткань
-
Michelangelo Moses, (c. 1513–1515), housed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. The sculpture was commissioned in 1505 by Pope Julius II for his tomb
-
A Liao Dynasty polychrome wood-carved statue of Guan Yin, Shanxi Province, China, (907–1125 AD)
-
King Zygmunt Vasa column in Warsaw, Poland
-
Applied arts
Applied art is the application of design and aesthetics to objects of function and everyday use. The applied arts incorporate design and creative ideals to objects of utility, such as a cup, magazine or decorative park bench. There is considerable overlap between the field and that of the decorative arts; to some extent they are alternative terms Types: Art deco (Ар-деко варианты: ар деко, артдеко, арт-деко) Art Nouveau(Модерн) Arts and crafts (Движение искусств и ремёсел)
Нет комментариев для данной презентации
Помогите другим пользователям — будьте первым, кто поделится своим мнением об этой презентации.