Презентация на тему "Wind power/solar power"

Содержание

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  Wind power/Solar power

  Выполнил студент ТПУ группы №0781: Тяпкин Вячеслав Игоревич

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  Solar energy

  Itissplitupintotwotypes, thermalandelectricenergy. Thesetwosubgroupsmeanthattheyheatuphomesandgenerateelectricity. SolarenergyistheradiantlightandheatfromtheSun. Solarradiationalongwithsecondarysolarresourcessuchaswindandwavepower, hydroelectricityandbiomassaccountformostoftheavailablerenewableenergyonEarth. Only a minusculefractionoftheavailablesolarenergyisused.

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  AbouthalftheincomingsolarenergyreachestheEarth'ssurface. TheEarthreceives 174 petawatts (PW) ofincomingsolarradiation (insolation) attheupperatmosphere. Approximately 30% isreflectedbacktospacewhiletherestisabsorbedbyclouds, oceansandlandmasses. ThespectrumofsolarlightattheEarth'ssurfaceismostlyspreadacrossthevisibleandnear-infraredrangeswith a smallpartinthenear-ultraviolet. Earth'slandsurface, oceansandatmosphereabsorbsolarradiation, andthisraisestheirtemperature. Warmaircontainingevaporatedwaterfromtheoceansrises, causingatmosphericcirculationorconvection. Whentheairreaches a highaltitude, wherethetemperatureislow, watervaporcondensesintoclouds, whichrainontotheEarth'ssurface, completingthewatercycle.

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  Solar photovoltaicsturnsunlightdirectlyintoelectriccurrent. Thecellsthatmakeup solarpanels arecomposedofsemiconductormaterialsthataresandwichedtogetherandspeciallytreatedsoonelayerhasanexcessofelectrons, whiletheotherhasanexcessof "holes" thatelectronscanoccupy.

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  The most common type of heat engine used in dish/engine systems is the Stirling engine. Heated fluid from the dishes receiver is used to move pistons in the engine to create mechanical power.  This mechanical power then runs to a generator or alternator to generate electricity.  Solar dish/engine systems always point straight at the sun and concentrate the solar energy at the focal point of the dish. A solar dish's concentration ratio is much higher than linear concentrating systems, and it has a working fluid temperature higher than 749 degrees Celsius.

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  Wind Power

  Windenergy isthe generation ofelectricityfromthewind. Themostcommonkindofwindturbinehasahorizontalaxisandlookslikeagiantpropeller, althoughsometurbineshaveaverticalaxisandlookalittlelikeeggbeaters. Smallwindturbinesprovideupto 100 kilowatts, enoughtosustainhomesorstoreenergybyrechargingbatteries; thesearesometimesusedinremoteoff-the-gridlocations.

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  Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Onshore wind farms also have an impact on the landscape, as typically they need to be spread over more land than other power stations and need to be built in wild and rural areas, which can lead to "industrialization of the countryside“nandhabitat loss. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land and offshore farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid or provide electric power to isolated off-grid locations.