Презентация на тему "Bridges through Neva river"

Содержание

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  Bridges through Neva river

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  During our excursion we will get acquainted with stages of construction and shape suchbridgesthrough theNevariveras the BlagoveshchenskyBridge, the DvortsovyBridge and theTroitsky Bridge.

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  From all cities of the world St. Petersburg differs the water spaces connected by wide bridges. Without them it is difficult to imagine life of the huge city, its unique, fine shape. St. Petersburg has got more bridges than such known cities, as Venice, Stockholm and Amsterdam. Only in the central part of the city there are 315 bridges, and in modern borders - more than 500 were built. The biggest are located on the Neva. They combine high engineering qualities with remarkable architectural registration.

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  The Blagoveshchensky Bridge

  The construction of the bridge lastedfrom 1843 to 1850. The project of the constant bridge through Neva was developed by talented engineer S.V.Kerbedz. The Blagoveshchensky Bridge is located in the bottom of current of the Big Neva, and that bridge is really unique. The Blagoveshchensky bridge is the first constant bridge through the Neva. First Bridge through the Neva appeared at the time of Anna Ioannovna. In that period of time it was possible to make only floating bridge. The Isaakiyevsky Bridge, connecting left coast of Neva with the Vasilyevsky island became first floating bridge. And only in the middle of the XIX century became possible to construct the constant bridge. 

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  Its handrail with images in each link of a sink and a trident – a symbol of the sea became an openwork frame of the bridge. The project of a lattice was created by architect A.P.Bryullov.

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  For years of existence the bridge repeatedly changed the name. In the middle of the 19th century he received the name from the church, which was nearby . But in a year it was renamed in Nikolaevsky, and after revolution it was called a name of lieutenant Peter Schmidt, the head of revolt on the cruiser "Ochakov". After reconstruction in 2007 to the bridge returned the historical name –Blagoveshchensky.

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  The main reason because of which this unique bridge was reconstructed, the condition of its adjustable span ,which wasn't meeting conditions of navigation across the Neva served. Besides, that adjustable span was not on the river middle, and at a right-bank abutment where depth didn't allow to pass to the big ships. The bridge of Lieutenant Schmidt was reconstructed according to the project of professor GrigoryPetrovitchPeredery. Under his management reorganization in 1938 was carried out also. The new construction was received absolutely other composition and architectural shape. On change to the bridge possessing original, it is thin the executed longitudinal façade with easy arch spans, the construction, isn`t in harmony with a surrounding architectural complex came.  Need of economy of means and reduction of terms of construction works generated idea of use of the old support blocked by joist spans.Thus the new bridge was the effective engineering decision for that period of time.

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  The bridge before reconstruction The bridge after reconstruction

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  The Dvortsovy Bridge 

  The Dvortsovy Bridge through the Neva connected the Admiralty and the University embankments. In the middle of the XIX century, after construction of the first constant bridge through the Neva (the Blagoveshchensky bridge), here – to the Winter palace floating the Isaakiyevsky Bridge, which connected the Universitetskaya Embankment with the Senate Square earlier was moved. It was reconstructed according the project of engineer I.K.Gerard and gave it a new name - Dvortsovy, thanks to the Winter palace which is in close proximity.

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  In the 1880th years there was a need for creation of a constant bridge which would connect the Vasilyevsky island and the Admiralty party. The decision on replacement of floating the Dvortsovy Bridge on the constant made in 1900. Construction began in 1912 according to A.P.Pshenitsky's project. In bridge design as took part L.N.Benoa, R.F.Melzer, M. M.Peretyatkovich.

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  The Dvortsovy Bridge appeared the most difficult from the engineering point of view among all bridges through the Neva. There were interruptions in financing because in August, 1914 World War I began. As a result construction of Dvortsovy Bridge was carried out by the slowed-down rates. Movement on the Dvortsovy Bridge was opened only in 1916, but also then its decorating wasn't complete yet. By this time were established only temporary wooden a flooring and handrails. 

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  In 1917 the Dvortsovy Bridge renamed in the Republican Bridge. The former name was returned to it in 1944. In 1939 wooden protections of the bridge were replaced cast iron with the Soviet symbolics. In 1977 in time reconstruction lamps, a flooring, adjustable part were changed. And in a year removed tram ways. Total length of the Dvortsovy Bridge makes today 260 m, and width nearly 28 m. The divorced wings of the Dvortsovy Bridge are one of symbols of St. Petersburg.

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  The Troitsky Bridge 

  The Troitsky Bridge connects the central part of St. Petersburg and the Petrogradskay part. At once at the bridge, to the Petrogradskskay part, the known Museum of history of St . Petersburg "The Peter and Paul Fortress". TheTroitsky Bridge by right settles down it is considered one of the most beautiful bridges of St. Petersburg. Openwork registration of the bridge connects majestic imperial style and severity of engineering standards. Separate art value to the Troitsky Bridge is given by lattices, gracefully unique with metal arch farms of flights of a crossing.

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  The first floating bridge here appeared in 1803. The bridge becamethethird constantbridge.Through theNevainSt.Petersburg. Indayofcelebrationofthe 200 anniversaryof St.PetersburgwasTroitskyBridge was opened. . Competition on the best project was held. The project of French architect Eyfel won in that competition . Construction of the bridge was entrusted the French firm "Batinyol".

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  Throughout all the history the Troitsky Bridge changed the name more than once received from the Troitsky cathedral. In 1918 the bridge was called as the Bridge of Equality , then the Kirovsky Bridge. On October 4, 1991 to the bridge returned the historical name - Troitsky Bridge. Before creation of the Alexander Nevsky Bridge. The Troitsky Bridge was considered as the longest in St.Petersburg. On an axis of the Troitsky Bridge passes the Pulkovsky meridian - a zero meridian, which used the Russian cartographers before the beginning of the XX century, to transition to the Greenwich meridian.

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  Interesting facts about the Troitsky Bridge 

  The Soviet pilot Valery Tchkalov made the impudent flight under the Troitsky Bridge. Later, in 1940, for the biographic movie "Valery Tchkalov“ pilot EvgenyBorichenko repeated flight under the bridge six times.

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  During the Great Patriotic War the Troitsky Bridge was exposed more than once to aim bombing, however practically didn't suffer. In 1955 was restoration of obelisks at entrance on the bridge made from the Field of Mars. Two-headed eagles and crowns were replaced with stars and symbols a sickle and a hammer. In 2001-2002 serious reconstruction of the bridge was carried out during which initial elements of a decor were restored - autocracy symbols were returned on the bridge: two-headed eagles and crowns. On the bridge there is a point indicating its middle. It is on a handrail in that place where patterns on a lattice change the inclination.

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  During the walk by foot on the bridge you can see a classical postcard view on the Spit of Vasilevsky Island. From theTroetsky bridge it is possible to see 7 bridges:1.The Ioannovsky bridge through the Kronverksky channel2.The Exchange bridge through the Small Neva3. The Dvortsovy bridge through the Big Neva4. The Hermitage bridge through the Winter flute5. The Verhne-Lebayshy bridge through the Lebayshy flute6.The Prachecny bridge through the Fontanka7. The Liteyny bridge through the Neva

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  The end