Презентация на тему "kronshtadt" 4 класс

Содержание

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  Kronshtadt

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   Kronstadt is situated on the small island of Kotlin in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, 30 km west of Saint Petersburg. As  the monument of fortification Kronstadt included into the UNESCO’s list the world’s cultural heritage.History of Kronstadt is indissoluble from Russian Navy. The naval base on the island of Kotlin was built by order of Tsar Peter the Great. Construction of the fortress began in 1703, when Prince Menshikov set up a fort on the sand back of the south coast from a model, made by Peter himself. On 7 (18)  May 1704 the first fortifications, including two batteries, were constructed. This day is regarded as the date of Kronstadt founding.  Kronstadt was the strongest fortress in Europe.

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   During World War II Kronstadt was bombed several times by the Nazi Germany's air force. The Soviet Baltic Fleet  based here. Artillery and naval forces of Kronstadt played a major role in the courageous defense of the besieged city of Leningrad.

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  More than 300 monuments of architecture, history, technology, culture you can see in Kronstadt and almost all of them concern sea. The way to Kronstadt lies on the St. Petersburg floods protection facility complex ("the Dam"). This is a unique 25 km. hydrotechnical construction with the 6 lane highway on its top. The Dam consists of 11 dams, 2 water-locks, 1.8 km long underwater tunnel and 2 km long bridge.

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   During the tour to Kronstadt  you'll see  the St. Vladimir's Cathedral.  It is an interesting architectural monument of the late 19th century.

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  The place where the St. Andrew's Cathedral located till 1932 is in the heart the city - corner of the Sovetskaya street  and the Lenin avenue. St. John of Kronstadt was the dean of this cathedral.

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   However, the main attention should be paid to the southern part of the city. Here you will find the  Kronstadt sea gauge. This is a zero level  for the Baltic system of altitudes. All depths and altitudes (even the heights of the flight spacecraft)  in Russia and some other countries are measured from the level of Kronstadt sea gauge. Yuri Gagarin, the first spaceman in the World, ironically said in 1967 that this is it the Hub of the Universe.

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  The Petrovsky Park is situated nearby. Its beautiful embankment and the monument to Peter the Great, the founder of Kronstadt, attract many visitors.

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   However the jewel of Kronstadt is  the Naval Cathedral. It was been built in 1903-1913 according with the design of  V. Kosyakov.  The Naval Cathedral became a monument to Russian navy and the valor of the seamen.

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  Being closed Kronstadt always attracted Russian tourists attention but its changing status opened doors for foreign tourist too. For the 300 years of its development, Kronstadt became a unique monument of fortification, architecture and culture. The name "Kronstadt" ("Kron" - a crown, "Stadt" - a city in German) fully complies to this place. Really, Kronstadt is the crown of St. Petersburg.