Презентация на тему "Hazardous waste"

Содержание

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  Lecture 8: Hazardous waste

  13.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - incineration 2 1

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  Is the listdefinite?

  20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 2 If a material is listed in the list of hazardous wastes It can be classified as non-hazardous if it has none of the listed dangerous properties If a material is not listed in the list of hazardous wastes It can be classified as hazardous if it has even one of the listed dangerous properties http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm (general waste info) http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32180.aspx (classification) In companies, records have to be kept and stored for any operations dealing with hazardous waste (collection, transport) quantity, nature and origin of hazardous waste transport and treatment method foreseen Directive 2008/98/EC provides additional obligations for labeling, record keeping, monitoring and control from the "cradle to the grave", i.e., from the waste producer to the final disposal or recovery.

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  Types of hazardous waste

  Solid wastes Liquid wastes Chemicals Industrial wastes Well known; in environmental permits Mainly taken to and treated by hazardous waste companies Some can be treated in industrial plants Examples of typical industrial hazardous wastes metal refineries waste chemical industry waste waste oils (not edible oils!) waste from thermal processes solvents 20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 3

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  Treatment, main aspects

  Sorted and labelled waste Waste to energy Thermal treatment Physico-chemical treatment Biological treatment Material recovery Special treatments Final disposal 20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 4

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  1 High temperature incineration

  Process units at Ekokem The core unit is a 12-metre rotary kiln 1 300oC (Directive 2000/76/EUFor Hazardous waste >1100 oC for 2 s ) Long delay time in kiln and after-burn  complete decomposition and burning Energy is recovered  electricity and district heat The slag can be used e.g. in soil construction Flue gases are cleaned Cooling Acid gases washing by lime Particle removal by electrostatic precipitator Gaseous emissions: further scrubbing Dioxine and mercury removal by activated charcoal At Riihimäki, the energy produced comparable to 43 milj. m3 natural gas.  20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 5

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  High temperature incineration of hazardous waste

  20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 6 Water treatment Steam production Feeding solid waste Rotary kiln 1200-1350oC Feeding packed waste Ash silo Activated carbon Fiber filter Electrical Precipitatori Evaporation tower Flue gas analysis HCL scrubber SO2 scrubber Lime production Heat exchanger After burner 900-1100oC Ash c Feeding Liquid waste Flue gas fan Filter press. Solids to landfill Slag

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  4 Physico- chemical processes

  Inorganicwastes, such as acids, bases and heavy metalcontainingliquidsare made chemicallysafe Main methods Neutralization of acid and bases Precipitation of heavy metals The remainingwater is purified for use in processes Oxidation and reductionreactions Notice: one type of waste can be used for processing another type of waste Acid + base Precipitating media 20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 7

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  Physico-chemical processes

  20.10.2016 Waste management and recycling - Hazardous waste 8 Non-soluble heavy metal salts and oxides to the disposal site Water to the treatment Filter press. Reduction Cyanides Bases Chromium acid oxidants Acids, metal salt solutions Neutralization, heavy metal precipitation Oxidation Sludges Incineration Transport to the process